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Merge table engine

The Merge engine (not to be confused with MergeTree) does not store data itself, but allows reading from any number of other tables simultaneously.

Reading is automatically parallelized. Writing to a table is not supported. When reading, the indexes of tables that are actually being read are used, if they exist.

Creating a table​

CREATE TABLE ... Engine=Merge(db_name, tables_regexp)

Engine parameters​

db_name​

db_name — Possible values:

  • database name,
  • constant expression that returns a string with a database name, for example, currentDatabase(),
  • REGEXP(expression), where expression is a regular expression to match the DB names.

tables_regexp​

tables_regexp — A regular expression to match the table names in the specified DB or DBs.

Regular expressions — re2 (supports a subset of PCRE), case-sensitive. See the notes about escaping symbols in regular expressions in the "match" section.

Usage​

When selecting tables to read, the Merge table itself is not selected, even if it matches the regex. This is to avoid loops. It is possible to create two Merge tables that will endlessly try to read each others' data, but this is not a good idea.

The typical way to use the Merge engine is for working with a large number of TinyLog tables as if with a single table.

Examples​

Example 1

Consider two databases ABC_corporate_site and ABC_store. The all_visitors table will contain IDs from the tables visitors in both databases.

CREATE TABLE all_visitors (id UInt32) ENGINE=Merge(REGEXP('ABC_*'), 'visitors');

Example 2

Let's say you have an old table WatchLog_old and decided to change partitioning without moving data to a new table WatchLog_new, and you need to see data from both tables.

CREATE TABLE WatchLog_old(
    date Date,
    UserId Int64,
    EventType String,
    Cnt UInt64
)
ENGINE=MergeTree
ORDER BY (date, UserId, EventType);

INSERT INTO WatchLog_old VALUES ('2018-01-01', 1, 'hit', 3);

CREATE TABLE WatchLog_new(
    date Date,
    UserId Int64,
    EventType String,
    Cnt UInt64
)
ENGINE=MergeTree
PARTITION BY date
ORDER BY (UserId, EventType)
SETTINGS index_granularity=8192;

INSERT INTO WatchLog_new VALUES ('2018-01-02', 2, 'hit', 3);

CREATE TABLE WatchLog AS WatchLog_old ENGINE=Merge(currentDatabase(), '^WatchLog');

SELECT * FROM WatchLog;

┌───────date─┬─UserId─┬─EventType─┬─Cnt─┐
│ 2018-01-01 │      1 │ hit       │   3 │
└────────────┴────────┴───────────┴─────┘
┌───────date─┬─UserId─┬─EventType─┬─Cnt─┐
│ 2018-01-02 │      2 │ hit       │   3 │
└────────────┴────────┴───────────┴─────┘

Virtual columns​

  • _table — The name of the table from which data was read. Type: String.

    If you filter on _table, (for example WHERE _table='xyz') only tables which satisfy the filter condition are read.

  • _database — Contains the name of the database from which data was read. Type: String.

See Also